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    <titleInfo>
      <title>Central Business District, Toyko, Japan, 1990</title>
    </titleInfo>
    <name type="personal">
      <namePart>Angel, Shlomo</namePart>
      <role>
        <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
      </role>
    </name>
    <name type="personal">
      <namePart>Parent, Jason</namePart>
      <role>
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      </role>
    </name>
    <name type="personal">
      <namePart>Civco, Daniel L.</namePart>
      <role>
        <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
      </role>
    </name>
    <name type="personal">
      <namePart>Blei, Alejandro M</namePart>
      <role>
        <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
      </role>
    </name>
    <genre valueURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/genreForms/gf2011026297" authority="lcgft">Geospatial data</genre>
    <genre valueURI="http://rdvocab.info/termList/RDAContentType/1001" authority="rdacontent">cartographic dataset</genre>
    <typeOfResource>cartographic</typeOfResource>
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      <digitalOrigin>born digital</digitalOrigin>
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    <abstract displayLabel="Abstract">This point layer displays the Central Business District (CBD) of Toyko, Japan as a point corresponding to the location of its city hall. For the compactness metrics, the proximity index measures the relative closeness of all locations in the city to its center. To calculate the proximity index, the Equal Area Circle was defined as a circle with an area equal to that of the urban footprint centered at the city's city hall within the CBD. This data is part of the Atlas of Urban Expansion.</abstract>
    <note displayLabel="Purpose" type="other">The Atlas of Urban Expansion provides the geographic and quantitative dimensions of urban expansion and its key attributes in cities the world over. The data and images are available for free downloading, for scholars, public officials, planners, those engaged in international development, and concerned citizens. The global empirical evidence presented here is critical for an intelligent discussion of plans and policies to manage urban expansion everywhere. This resource provides both the conceptual framework and, for the first time, the basic empirical data and quantitative dimensions of past, present, and future urban expansion in cities around the world that are necessary for making minimal preparations for the massive urban growth expected in the coming decades.</note>
    <note displayLabel="Supplemental information" type="other">The Atlas of Urban Expansion is also available as a printed book. The Atlas of Urban Expansion accompanies the Policy Focus Report Making Room for a Planet of Cities, a comprehensive and original analysis of the quantitative dimensions of past, present, and future global urban land cover, culminating in a proposed new paradigm for preparing for explosive growth in cities the world over. Further detail of that analysis is available in three working papers available for downloading: The Persistent Decline in Urban Densities, The Fragmentation of Urban Footprints, and A Planet of Cities: Country Estimates and Projections of Urban Land Cover, 2000-2050. A forthcoming book, titled The Expansion of Cities, bringing together the analysis of the maps in the Atlas of Urban Expansion within a broader discussion of urban expansion in a global and historical perspective, will be published by the Lincoln Institute in 2012.</note>
    <subject authority="geonames">
      <geographic authority="geonames" authorityURI="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#">Toyko (Japan)</geographic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Urbanization</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Metropolitan areas</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Cities and towns</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Central business districts</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">City halls</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="ISO19115TopicCategory">
      <topic authority="ISO19115TopicCategory" authorityURI="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode" valueURI="society">Society</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="ISO19115TopicCategory">
      <topic authority="ISO19115TopicCategory" authorityURI="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode" valueURI="imageryBaseMapsEarthCover">Imagery and Base Maps</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <temporal encoding="w3cdtf">1990-2000</temporal>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <cartographics>
        <projection>EPSG::32654</projection>
        <coordinates>E 139&#xB0;46&#x2B9;19&#x2BA;--E 139&#xB0;46&#x2B9;19&#x2BA;/N 35&#xB0;40&#x2B9;31&#x2BA;--N 35&#xB0;40&#x2B9;31&#x2BA;</coordinates>
      </cartographics>
    </subject>
    <originInfo>
      <dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf" keyDate="yes">2012</dateIssued>
      <dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">1990</dateValid>
      <publisher>Lincoln Institute of Land Policy</publisher>
    </originInfo>
    <location>
      <url usage="primary display">https://purl.stanford.edu/md697bb8363</url>
    </location>
    <note type="contact" displayLabel="Contact">help@lincolninst.edu</note>
    <recordInfo>
      <languageOfCataloging>
        <languageTerm authority="ISO639-2" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
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      <recordContentSource>Stanford</recordContentSource>
      <recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2015-06-01</recordCreationDate>
      <recordIdentifier>edu.stanford.purl:md697bb8363</recordIdentifier>
    </recordInfo>
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          <dc:format>application/x-esri-shapefile; format=Shapefile</dc:format>
          <dc:type>Dataset#Point</dc:type>
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            <gml:Envelope gml:srsName="EPSG:4326">
              <gml:lowerCorner>139.771862 35.675235</gml:lowerCorner>
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    <relatedItem type="host">
      <titleInfo>
        <title>Atlas of urban expansion : GIS data for cities</title>
      </titleInfo>
      <location>
        <url>https://purl.stanford.edu/rr276tj2464</url>
      </location>
      <typeOfResource collection="yes"/>
    </relatedItem>
    <accessCondition type="useAndReproduction">This item is in the public domain.  There are no restrictions on use.</accessCondition>
    <accessCondition type="copyright">This work is in the Public Domain, meaning that it is not subject to copyright.</accessCondition>
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